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July 11, 2026

Catedral de Santa María, seat of Pamplona's Navarrería borough before the 1423 union
Sights & Activities

The 1423 Privilegio de la Unión Wasn’t Pamplona’s First Peace Deal. It Was the Fifth.

Pamplona's three boroughs tried to unite four times before 1423. Here is what the winning Privilegio de la Unión actually said, and who wrote it.
A balconied street in Pamplona's Casco Viejo, home to the city's peña and txoko clubhouses
Restaurants & Food

Txoko Culture Isn’t Only San Sebastián’s. Pamplona Has Run Its Own Since 1953, and the Oldest One Still Bars Women.

Every English guide to Basque txoko culture skips Pamplona, which has run its own gastronomic societies since 1953, and the oldest is fighting Navarra's government
Aerial view of runners and bulls in Pamplona's historic encierro tradition
History & Culture

The Encierro Didn’t Start as a Sport. Its Original Job Ended in the 1800s.

Most encierro history stops at the cattle-transport explanation. Here's the full timeline: banned racing, 18th-century ordinances, and how the run outlived the job that created