San Fermin 1974

Looking Back at 1974

Dennis Clancey, Founder, Encierro.com

The start time moved from 7:00 AM to 8:00 AM with the 1974 fiesta. The rocket still fired at the new hour.

Looking back, 1974 also stands out for two things that had nothing to do with the running itself. A young man named Juan Ignacio Eraso Martiartu died on July 12, the first death in the encierro since 1969. He was eighteen years old, from Pamplona. The bull was named Palmello. He was gored in the bajada al callejon, the descending passageway into the bullring. There is not much more to say about that.

The other thing was the cartel. Agustin Ibarrola made a design with the bull’s head from Guernica and raised fists, but it was for the Casa de Misericordia’s Feria del Toro poster, not the municipal San Fermin cartel. The Casa’s Junta rejected it on 14 March 1974, and Pedro Manterola designed that year’s Feria del Toro poster. The San Fermin cartel prize went to Pedro Lozano de Sotes and Francis Bartolozzi. Ibarrola’s design was never published.

Dennis Clancey, Founder, Encierro.com

The Runs of 1974

The morning runs of the 1974 San Fermin fiesta. The 1974 Feria del Toro poster lists Juan Pedro Domecq, Eduardo Miura, Pablo Romero and Joaquín Buendía, among others. The day-by-day ganaderías on the cards come from the Casa de Misericordia’s advance programme, except July 12, where the card names the ganadería given in reports of the fatal run.

Juan Ignacio Eraso Martiartu

The 1974 San Fermin fiesta claimed one life in the encierro.

Juan Ignacio Eraso Martiartu, 18 years old. Pamplona, Navarra.

Date: Friday, July 12, 1974.

Bull: “Palmello” of Herederos de Don Manuel Arranz.

Location: Bajada al callejon, the descending passageway leading to the entrance of the Plaza de Toros.

Juan Ignacio Eraso Martiartu was the first person to die in the San Fermin encierro since Hilario Pardo Simon in 1969. He was eighteen years old and from the city where he died.

Three Things That Defined 1974

The rejected Feria del Toro design, a joint cartel award, and the morning the clocks moved to eight.

The Cartel

The Rejected Feria del Toro Design

The artist Agustin Ibarrola made a design for the 1974 Feria del Toro poster of the Casa de Misericordia, built around the head of the bull from Picasso’s Guernica. On 14 March 1974 the Casa’s Junta rejected it, judging that it was not the most suitable image to announce the Feria del Toro. Pedro Manterola designed the Feria del Toro poster that year. Ibarrola’s design was never published. It was not the municipal San Fermin cartel, which went to Pedro Lozano de Sotes and Francis Bartolozzi.

The Cartel

A Joint Award

In 1974 the San Fermin cartel prize went jointly to Pedro Lozano de Sotes and Francis “Pitti” Bartolozzi. Their award had no connection to Ibarrola’s design, which was for a different poster, the Casa de Misericordia’s Feria del Toro.

The Encierro

8 O’Clock

Before 1974, the encierro began at 7:00 in the morning, the hour in place since 1924; before 1924 it had begun at 6:00. The change to 8:00 AM took effect at the 1974 fiesta. Everything we now associate with the visual spectacle of the encierro developed under the 8:00 AM format that began in July 1974.

Official: Cartel de San Fermin 1974

Official winners: Pedro Lozano de Sotes and Francis “Pitti” Bartolozzi (joint award).

A separate 1974 design by Agustin Ibarrola, with the bull’s head from Picasso’s Guernica and workers with raised fists, was a sketch for the Casa de Misericordia’s Feria del Toro poster; the Casa’s Junta rejected it on 14 March 1974, and Pedro Manterola made that poster.

The San Fermin cartel prize went to the joint submission of Pedro Lozano de Sotes and Francis “Pitti” Bartolozzi. Ibarrola’s rejected Feria del Toro design was never published.

The full archive of San Fermin carteles is held at pamplona.es/turismo/sanfermin/carteles.

The City That Year

The chupinazo opened the 1974 fiesta on Saturday, July 6. The next morning, Sunday, July 7, the first encierro ran at the new hour of 8:00 AM, with Pablo Romero bulls listed in the Feria del Toro programme. The fiesta closed with the Pobre de Mí at midnight on July 14.

San Fermin 1974: Key Moments

1974: Common Questions

Explore Adjacent Years

The encierro record continues year by year. Read the account of San Fermin 1973 or continue forward to San Fermin 1975, the year of the fastest herd on record.

Sources

Every fact on this page is checked against these sources. Where sources disagreed, the one closest to the day won.

• Fundación Sancho el Sabio (Memoria Digital Vasca), "Feria del Toro [Material gráfico] : Pamplona, San Fermín 1974", 1974. memoriadigitalvasca.es
• Publico, "Victima numero 15 en la historia de los Sanfermines", 2009-07-10. publico.es
• El Encierro (magazine) via Dialnet, "Arquitecturas alrededor del encierro (Javier Torrens Alzu)", 2020-06. dialnet.unirioja.es
• Archivo Espanol de Arte (CSIC), "Un nuevo Guernica desconocido de Agustin Ibarrola: el cartel inedito para la Feria del Toro de Pamplona (1974) (J. J. Azanza Lopez)", 2023. xn--archivoespaoldearte-53b.revistas.csic.es
• Ayuntamiento de Pamplona, "Pamplona recordara a los 16 fallecidos en la historia del encierro con adoquines", 2023-12-27. pamplona.es
• Ayuntamiento de Pamplona, "Carteles de San Fermin (official poster archive)". pamplona.es

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